Ever since the publication of its original version, naming and necessity has had great and increasing influence. Saul kripke s views regarding the function and use of proper names are quite well known in the field of philosophy. Saul kripke, identity and necessity driving question. For better or worse, both kripkes substantive views and his new philosophical tools have become extremely influential in almost every subdiscipline of philosophy.
Originally i had intended to revise or augment naming and necessity extensively. Naming and necessity was mentioned as one of the eminent texts for this practice. Kripke and the mindbody problem i regard the mindbody problem as wide open and extremely confusing. Naming and necessity a conflation in freges notion of sense frege should be criticized for using the term sense in two senses. In reading naming and necessity, it is clear that saul kripke stands in a similar position. Kripke blackwell oxford wikipedia citation please see wikipedias template documentation for further citation fields that may be required. A prospective philosopher taking up naming and neces. Saul kripke, naming and necessity daniel bauer tutorial session j. Time and development in kripkes naming and necessity.
It covers all the right topics with a good mix of classic and contemporary articles. In short, it is difficult to do serious academic philosophy today without taking positions on the sorts of things kripke is up to in naming and necessity. In naming and necessity saul kripke argues against typetypeidentity theory by the use of an argument from philosophy of language. For example, we take it to be the case that it is contingent that the first postmaster of the united states is identical with the inventor of bifocals i. Kripke on naming and necessity university of toronto. Philosophy saul kripke naming and necessity philosophy essay. Naming and necessity by saul kripke was first published in book form in 1980 and consists mainly of three lectures given at princeton university, an overview, an essay on. It provided the first cogent account of necessity and possibility as metaphysical concepts, and it. The pragmatists like dewey though they came before russel, if i am not mistaken. The preface of 21 pages describes the genesis and background of the leading ideas of the monograph, and discusses a few common misunderstandings. Its not a single description, but rather a cluster, a family of properties which fixes the reference. Kripke naming and necessity problems associated with simple descriptivism the most common way out of this difficulty is to say really it is not a weakness in ordinary language that we cant substitute a particular description for the name. The unfinished semantic agenda of naming and necessity, oxford, 2002. The paradigm example of nonrigid designators, since the work of of kripke, has been standard definite descriptions, such as the brightest nonlunar object in the evening sky.
In the given texts saul kripke argues against typetypeidentity theory by the use of an argument from philosophy of language. Saul aaron kripke is a philosopher and logician who have made significant contributions to. Naming and necessity 195 h t the thing which we saw in the evening is the thing which we saw in. Kripke and the mindbody problem i regard the mindbody problem as wide. And then he says that he is discontented with this.
If there is such a thing as essential reading in metaphysics or in philosophy of language, this is it. Here the latter must be given primary emphasis, but the former will not be entirely neglected. If one expression is a rigid and another is not, they cannot mean the same thing. It redirected philosophical attention to neglected questions of natural and metaphysical nec. Arial times new roman symbol default design saul kripke, identity and necessity an apparent paradox the paradox with proper names identities in science rigid vs.
Kripkes most important philosophical publication, naming and necessity 1980, based on transcripts of three lectures he delivered at princeton in 1970, changed the course of analytic philosophy. Richard rorty kripke versus kant lrb 4 september 1980. Other articles where naming and necessity is discussed. Naming and necessity iii for atime theantiessentialistiswinning. Kripke on description theory kripke says, the whole picture given by this theory of how reference is determined seems to be wrong from the fundamentals. It redirected philosophical attention to neglected questions of natural and metaphysical necessity and to the connections between these and theories of reference, in particular of naming, and of identity. Kripke assumes that both descriptions and names satisfy the general scheme that. However, some definite descriptions, such as the successor of 2, are rigid designators. And we can always turn a nonrigid description the f into a rigid description by using the.
Synthese library monographs on epistemology, logic, methodology, philosophy of science, sociology of science and of knowledge, and on the mathematical methods of social and behavioral sciences, vol 40. Given the commonsense assumption that words possess distinctive meanings e. Click on document kripke, saul naming and necessity. The transcript was brought out originally in 1972 in semantics of natural language, edited by donald davidson and gilbert harman. Kripke wants to demonstrate that if one believes in the identity of mental and brain states, one needs to accept the theorys full consequence, namely that there cannot be brain states which are not mental. It redirected philosophical attention to neglected questions of natural and metaphysical necessity and to the connections between these and theories of naming, and of identity. Lectures given to the princeton university philosophy colloquium. The ideas in naming and necessity evolved in the early sixties most of the views were formulated in about 196364. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders.
Rigid designators stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Reviews this is the best anthology of metaphysics that i know of. Kripke uses name to refer solely to these, not to definite descriptions definite descriptions the x such that ax. Since the descriptions ordinarily associated with names. There we saw that we could give the following test for the rigidity of a term. Applied to our news story about homer, the device of rigid desig nators guarantees that if we are referring at all by the name homer. Although kripke was not yet twenty when he made his first contribution to philosophy, the series of three lectures he gave at princeton university in 1970, titled naming and necessity, is perhaps his bestknown work. If e antiintemalist admits this, admits that it is logically incon. Naming and necessity by saul kripke was first published in book form in 1980 and consists mainly of three lectures given at princeton university, an overview, an essay on the problem of names, and. Naming and necessity has had a great and increasing influence. For he takes the sense of a designator to be its meaning. In certain philosophical circles necessity is viewed as the root of much, if not all. Saul kripke 19801971 the identity thesis excerpt from. The intemalist qggeststhat we cannot imagine that particular we callthe queen ving theproperty ofatnostageinher existencebeinghuman.
Kripke wants to demonstrate that if one believes in the identity of mental and brain states, one needs to accept the theorys full consequence, namely that there cannot be brain states which are not mental states or vice versa. Saul kripkes work has had a tremendous impact on philosophy in the last thirty. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page. Giving the semantic content this is one facet of a fregean sense.
Kripke is nearly universally acknowledged as one of the foremost living philosophers. Draw a function that fulfills the following characteristics. Full text of meaning and necessity internet archive. Saul kripke 19801971 the identity thesis excerpt from identity and necessity give a sketch of kripkes argumentation against the identity theory and discuss it. Why there are no necessary a posteriori propositions. For a more general description, see kripke semantics a kripke structure is a variation of the transition system, originally proposed by saul kripke, used in model checking to represent the behavior of a system. Naming and necessity is a 1980 book with the transcript of three lectures, given by the philosopher saul kripke, at princeton. Donnellans considerations do not refute russells theory of descriptions. Kripke blackwell oxford wikipedia citation please see wikipedias template documentation for further citation fields that may be. If a name refers to an object o, it refers to o with respect to every possible world in which o exists. The transcript was brought out originally in 1972 in semantics of natural language, edited by donald davidson and. A great deal of the books brilliance lies in the astonishing simplicity of his solution to some of philosophys most fiendish puzzles and the ease with which he lectures reveals the powerful grasp he has on the issues he describes. Itwould be a situation in which there was some other woman who had many of the properties that are in fact e of elizabeth.
This article describes kripke structures as used in model checking. Lecture 1 proper names people, countries, cities, etc. It provided the first cogent account of necessity and possibility as metaphysical. Identifying the two, he supposes that both are given by. Identity and necessity 185 think, contrary to most recent theorists, that the reference of names is rarely or almost never fixed by means of description. The consequence of this is that no contingent identitystatements can be made by means of proper names.
The preface is not written in such a way as to be completely selfcontained. Especially useful are the simple, elegant introductions to the various sections of the anthology peter menzies, macquarie university an excellent volume. Naming and necessity ii causalhistorical theory of reference. It is basically a graph whose nodes represent the reachable states of the system and whose. Kripkes naming and necessity some theses of naming and necessity 1. Everybody was either furious, or exhilarated, or thoroughly perplexed. Naming and necessity is a 1980 book with the transcript of three lectures, given by the philosopher saul kripke, at princeton university in 1970, in which he dealt with the debates of proper names in the philosophy of language. When these lectures were first published eight years ago in a collection, they stood analytic philosophy on its ear. You have read excerpts from his most seminal work, a series of lectures given in 1970, transcribed and published as naming and necessity. A sense is supposed to be that which is grasped by the mind, a meaning in some nontechnical sense.
Impressive editorial skill is displayed in introducing the student to all of the. The modal argument 4849, 7177 in lecture i, kripke introduced the notion of rigid designation. Naming and necessity 3 the preface first, but that they return to it for clarification if necessary after they have read the main text. Kripke first became known for technical work on modal logic, the logic of necessity and possibility, much of it done in the late 1950s as a highschool student, and summarized in kripke 1963. It redirected philosophical attention to neglected questions of natural and metaphysical necessity and to the connections between these and theories of reference, in. Kripke first became known for technical work on modal logic, the logic of necessity and possibility, much of it done in the late 1950s as a highschool student, and. Heres a free online edition of carnaps 1947 meaning and necessity but wait. Requirements the seminar requirements are of four kinds. We can then ask whether certain things might have been true of these objects 273. These addenda represent certain amplifications of the original text which i have added either in response to questions or for the sake of clarification or sketchy. Speaker reference and semantic reference pdf 0 1977 by saul kripke. Considerable time has elapsed, and i have come to realize that any extensive revision or expansion would delay the appearance of a separate, less expensive edition of naming and necessity indefinitely.
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